Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in animals
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a form of acquired disease of the heart muscle seen many typically in cats, and less typically in dogs. While there can be environmental, nutritional and medical causes of some forms of cardiomyopathy, the most common cause in both dogs and cats is genetic in origin. Some cats with hyperthyroidism also can on occasion develop cardiomyopathy, which will typically resolve once the overactive thyroid is addressed.
Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can vary, and may include sudden challenging breathing due to congestive heart failure, as well as nonspecific symptoms of loss of appetite, vomiting and changes in behavior. In some cases, blood clots may form and result in sudden paralysis of many typically the hind legs. Some clients with cardiomyopathy may develop abnormal heart rhythms, which may predispose some animals to a risk of sudden death without any symptoms appearing beforehand.
While it is in some cases possible to diagnose cardiomyopathy through a combination of physical exam, x-rays and an EKG, typically a cardiac ultrasound is needed to file the severity and form of cardiomyopathy present. This echocardiogram is many valuable in defining long term treatment plans, as well as allowing us to identify the progression and prognosis of the heart condition.
Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy typically involves drugs such as Lasix or Furosemide to decrease fluid buildup, as well as other medications such as Enalapril to help dilate blood vessels and ease the workload on the heart. Sometimes low-dose baby aspirin is used to help reduce the possibility of future blood clots developing. many clients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will need periodic monitoring by the veterinarian through x-rays and/or echocardiogram. Prognosis will vary with earlier diagnosis and treatment having a better long term prognosis than those animals presenting with hind leg paralysis or congestive heart failure.